表2 方案对比分析
台,实现能量管理信息系统自动化。能源公司受政府监督,对区域内的冷热电需求进行分析,并取得大型能源供应设备的供应资格。考虑储能系统与电力系统具有互补特性,通过储能系统与电力系统高效结合,在负荷低谷期间通过储能设备进行储能,提高了可再生能源的消纳能力;在负荷高峰期间通过储能设备进行能量释放,提高能源供应能力,减少电网公司和电厂投资建设成本。电动汽车充电用户等供能用户将更加积极参与到能源管理辅助决策系统中,通过价格引导机制,更有效地响应能源公司和电网企业需求,能有效降低企业运营成本,达到社会效益最大化。综合能源协同发展模式见图7。
4.2 综合能源协同发展社会效益
新区通过多能互补协调发展,冷热电三联供技术、风光互补技术和储能装置等先进技术的应用,节约能源资源,降低了新区能耗和碳排放量,提高了能源整体利用效率。根据中电联统计数据,全国6 MW及以上火电厂机组平均供电标准煤耗为0.315 kg/(kW•h)时,单位火电发电量CO2、SO2、NOx和粉尘排放分别为0.78 kg/(kW•h)、0.47 g/(kW•h) 、0.43 g/(kW•h)和0.09 g/(kW•h)。根据新区综合能源发展规划,预计清洁能源年发电量32 536万kW•h,节省标煤10.25 t,减少CO排放25.38 t,减少NO排放13.99 t,减少粉尘排放2.93 t,减排SO排放15.29 t;同时电动汽车累计节省27.1t燃油,节能减排CO12.2t。节能减排量见表3,新区电动汽车发展社会效益见表4。
图7 综合能源协同发展模式
表3 节能减排量
表4 新区电动汽车发展社会效益
5 结论
本文考虑将能源供应侧和需求侧各种形式的资源综合成为一个整体进行统筹利用,基于数据中心和能源信息共享平台建设,建立多能互补协调发展的综合模型,为使规划方案能够更加精细化,采用地理信息系统的网格化方法开展协调规划,以综合能源系统为中心,充分发挥冷热电三联供技术、溴化锂制冷技术、风光互补协同供电方案、港口供电方案、电动汽车充电技术,实现能源互动和梯级利用,降低了电网调峰压力,充分发挥储能系统的能力,提高了对清洁能源的消纳能力。本次研究未考虑跨区域的综合能源协调规划和研究,开展区域间综合能源协调规划和可靠性经济型效益分析,值得今后深入重点研究。
参考文献
[1] 王伟亮,王丹,贾宏杰,等.能源互联网背景下的典型区域综合能源系统稳态分析研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(12):3292-3306. WangWeiliang,Wang Dan,Jia Hongjie,et al.Review of steady-state analysis of typical regional integrated energy system under the background of energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(12):3292-3306(in Chinese).
[2] Huang A Q,Crow M L,Heydt G T,et al.The future renewable electric energy delivery and management(FREEDM)system: the energy internet[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2011,99(1):133-148.
[3] 刘涤尘,彭思成,廖清芬,等.面向能源互联网的未来综合配电系统形态展望[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3023-3034. Liu Dichen,Peng Sicheng,LiaoQingfen,et al.Outlook of future integrated distribution system morphology orienting to energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3023-3034(in Chinese).
[4] Sheikhi A,Rayati M,Bahrami S,et al.A cloud computing framework on demand side management game in smart energy hubs[J].International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,2015(64):1007-1016.
[5] 吴建中. 欧洲综合能源系统发展的驱动与现状[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,40(5):1-7. WuJianzhong.Drivers and state-of-the-art of intergrated energy systems in Europe[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,40(5):1-7(in Chinese).
[6] 管霖,陈鹏,唐宗顺,等.考虑冷热电存储的区域综合能源站优化设计方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):2934-2941. Guan Lin,Chen Peng,Tang Zongshun,et al.Integrated energy station design considering cold and heat storage[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):2934-2941(in Chinese).
[7] 邱留良,任洪波,蔡强,等.基于电力直供的分布式能源系统经济性分析[J].中国电力,20016,49(S):82-88.Qiu Liuliang,Ren Hongbon,Cai Qiang, et al.Economic analysis of distributed energy system based on direct power supply[J].Electric Power,2016,49(S):82-88(in Chinese).
[8] 施锦月,许健,曾博,等.基于热电比可调模式的区域综合能源系统双层优化运行[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):2959-2966. Shi Jinyue,Xu Jian,Zeng Bo,et al.A bi-level optimal operation for energy hub based on regulating heat-to-electric ratio mode[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):2959-2966(in Chinese).
[9] 靳小龙,穆云飞,贾宏杰,等.考虑配电网重构的区域综合能源系统最优混合潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):18-56. Jin Xiaolong,Mu Yunfei,Jia Hongjie,et al.Calculation of optimal hybrid power flow for integrated community energy system considering electric distribution network reconfiguration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):18-56(in Chinese).
[10] 邓莉荣,孙宏斌,陈润泽,等.面向能源互联网的热电联供系统节点能价研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3375-3382. Deng Lirong,Sun Hongbin,Chen Runze,et al.Research on nodal energy price of combined heat and power system for energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3375-3382(in Chinese).
[11] 李更丰,别朝红,王睿豪,等.综合能源系统可靠性评估的研究现状及展望[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):114-121. Li Gengfeng,Bie Zhaohong,Wang Ruihao,et al.Research status and prospects on reliability evaluation of integrated energy system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):114-121(in Chinese).
[12] Shen X,Han Y,Zhu S,et al.Comprehensive power-supply planning for active distribution system considering cooling, heating and power load balance[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems & Clean Energy,2015,3(4):485-493.
[13] 潘明明,刘连光,叶远誉,等.能源互联网中用户参与负荷转移的混合博弈[J].电网技术,2015,39(11):3088-3093. Pan Mingming,Liu Lianguang,Ye Yuanyu,et al.A game-theoretic analysis for customers load shifting in energy internet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(11):3088-3093(in Chinese).
[14] 王毅,张宁,康重庆.能源互联网中能量枢纽的优化规划与运行研究综述及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(22):5669-5681. Wang Yi,Zhang Ning,Kang Chongqing.Review and prospect of optimal planning and operation of energy hub in energy internet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(22):5669-5681(in Chinese).
[15] Li M,Mu H,Li N,et al.Optimal option of natural-gas district distributed energy systems for various buildings[J].Energy and Buildings,2014(75):70-83.
[16] 施陈博,苗权,陈启鑫,等.基于CPS的能源互联网关键技术与应用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2016,56(9):930-936. Shi Chenbo,Miao Quan,Chen Qixin,et al.Key technonlogy and application of the energyintert based on cyber physical systems[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2016,56(9):930-936(in Chinese).
[17] Clegg S,Mancarella P.Integrated modeling and assessment of the operational impact of power-to-gas(P2G) on electrical and gas transmission networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1234-1344.
[18] 曾鸣,杨雍琦,向红伟,等.兼容需求侧资源的“源-网-荷-储”协调优化调度模型[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(2):111-117. Zeng Ming,Yang Yongqi,Xiang Hongwei,et al.Optimal dispatch model based on coordination between “generation-grid-load-energy storage” and demand-side resource[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(2):111-117(in Chinese).
[19] 李海涛,孙波,王轩,等.配电网网格化规划方法及其应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(1):32-37. Li Haitao,Sun Bo,Wang Xuan,et al.Power grid planning method and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(1):32-37(in Chinese).
[20] 姚刚,仲立军,张代红,等.复杂城市配电网网格化供电组网方式优化研究及实践[J].电网技术,2014,38(5):1297-1301. Yao Gang,Zhong Lijun,Zhang Daihong,et al.Research and practie of mesh-networking optimization for power supply by complex urban distribution network[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(5):1297-1301(in Chinese).
[21] 丁庆,段绍辉,王执中,等.冰蓄冷空调在高峰谷负荷差地区应用的经济性[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,26(1):72-75. Ding Qing,Duan Shaohui,Wang Zhizhong,et al.Economy ofice-storage air-condition used in the area of high peak-valleyload difference[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2014,26(1):72-75(in Chinese).
[22] 黄炜,刘健,魏昊焜,等.分布式光伏电源极端可接入容量极限研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,43(3):22-28. Huang Wei,Liu Jian,Wei Haokun,et al.The distriduted photovoltaic power extreme limit access capactity study[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,43(3):22-28(in Chinese).
[23] 晋宏杨,孙宏斌,郭庆来,等.含大规模储热的光热电站—风电联合系统多日自调度方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):17-23. Jin Hongyang,Sun Hongbin,Guo Qinglai,et al.Multi-day self-scheduling method for combined system of CSP plants and wind power with large-scale thermal energy storage contained[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):17-23(in Chinese).
