4.3 蓄电池容量的影响
分布式电源容量和外部系统最大有功功率同基本测试算例一致且保持恒定,改变蓄电池总容量,LOLE 和LOEE 的变化情况如图2、3 所示。
当蓄电池总容量为0 时,3 种充电策略的可靠性指标相同。随着蓄电池容量开始增加,指标LOLE和LOEE 迅速减小,尤其是策略3,这说明了配置储能装置对提升以风电、光伏等可再生电源为主的分布式发电系统的可靠性具有明显作用。随着蓄电池容量的进一步增加,LOLE 和LOEE 的减小幅度越来越小,系统可靠性趋于饱和。当蓄电池的容量较小时,策略3 的可靠性水平最高。但是,随着蓄电池容量的不断增加,策略2 的可靠性水平将超过策略3。在当前的分布式电源容量配置下,3 种充电策略中,策略1 的可靠性水平最低。
4.4 分布式电源容量的影响
蓄电池容量 12000kW·h 固定不变,改变分布式电源容量(风机、光伏),分别计算外部系统最大功率为600kW和300kW情形下系统的可靠性指标变化情况,分别如表4、5 所示。
当分布式电源容量为0 时,策略3 的可靠性水平最高,策略1 和2 的可靠性水平相同。随着分布式电源容量的增加,3 种策略的可靠性水平均大幅提升,其中策略1 和2 的提升速度高于策略3,特别是在外部系统最大功率较小(300kW)的情形下,当分布式电源容量充足时,策略1 的可靠性水平甚至可高于策略3。
5 结论
本文应用铅酸蓄电池两池模型,提出了一种更加精确的含风机、光伏与铅酸蓄电池的分布式发电系统可靠性评估蒙特卡洛模拟方法。应用本文的评估方法,通过算例详细分析了外部系统容量、分布式电源容量、蓄电池容量以及蓄电池充电策略对分布式发电系统可靠性指标的影响。结果表明:
1)作为储能装置,蓄电池对提升以风电、光伏等可再生电源为主的分布式发电系统的可靠性具有明显作用;
2)外部系统容量和分布式电源容量均会对系统可靠性水平产生较大影响;
3)应综合考虑外部系统容量、分布式电源容量和蓄电池容量,合理选择蓄电池的充电策略。本文提出的方法可为分布式发电系统的优化配置研究提供参考。
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